Self-Defence for Security Officers
What is Self-Defence?
Self-defence refers to the legal right to protect oneself or others from immediate harm using reasonable force. For security officers, understanding self-defence is essential to maintain personal safety, protect the public, and act within the law while performing their duties.
Self-defence is not about retaliation but about preventing or stopping harm in a proportionate manner.
Legal Framework in the UK
Security officers must follow UK law when using self-defence:
Criminal Law: Section 3 of the Criminal Law Act 1967 and common law principles allow reasonable force to prevent crime or protect oneself or others.
Private Security Industry Act 2001: Ensures officers act professionally and within the scope of their licence.
Human Rights Act 1998: Officers must respect individual rights while defending themselves or others.
Excessive Force: Any action beyond what is reasonable may result in criminal or civil liability.
Understanding these laws ensures that officers act legally and professionally.
Principles of Self-Defence
Security officers should follow key principles when applying self-defence:
Proportionality: Force used must match the level of threat faced.
Necessity: Force is only justified when no other safe options exist to prevent harm.
Immediacy: Self-defence applies to immediate threats; pre-emptive or retaliatory actions are not justified.
Protection of Others: Officers may intervene to protect colleagues, the public, or property if necessary and lawful.
These principles guide officers in making quick, safe, and lawful decisions during confrontations.
Recognising When Self-Defence is Required
Security officers must identify situations where self-defence may be necessary:
Physical assault or threat of immediate harm
Aggressive or violent behaviour from individuals on site
Interventions to stop ongoing criminal activity that threatens people
Situations where withdrawal is unsafe or impossible
Early recognition allows officers to respond quickly and appropriately while minimising risk.
Techniques and Safe Application
While security officers are not expected to use combat skills beyond their training, understanding safe application is important:
Maintain a defensive stance and personal space
Use holds, blocks, or positioning to neutralise threats without causing unnecessary harm
Aim to control or contain the situation until law enforcement or backup arrives
Avoid actions that may escalate the situation or cause serious injury
Focusing on controlled, safe techniques reduces risk while maintaining lawful self-defence.
